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hypotheses have been put forward to explain the molecular basis of the yield penalty. It has been shown that lignin modification often results in a collapse of vessels, which negatively affects water and nutrient transport in the plant.

YVdP was the first to show that the Arabidopsis genome had undergone three whole-genome dupli-cations (WGDs) in its evolutionary past. Furthermore, his group was one of the first to develop mathematical models to show that gene retention following whole genome duplications is considerably different from gene retention following small scale gene duplications and is highly biased with respect to gene function.